According to the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration site you can exchange your out of state license for a MD license but then list exceptions. On this list of exceptions is if you have been licensed for less than 18 months, you will be issued a Maryland provisional license. The MVA also notes that an out-of-state learner's permits cannot be exchanged for a Maryland learner's permit or license.

Since Maryland does not allow an out of state learner's permit, such as your one from Virginia, to be exchanged for a Maryland one it appears you will need to start over with the Maryland graduated licensing system.

The MD Rookie Driver process applies to all applicants, regardless of age, who have never held a (full) license in Maryland or any other state or country. The 3 parts to it are a learner's permit, provisional license and full driver's license.

As part of this graduated licensing process you must hold the learner’s permit for at least six (6) months before being eligible for a provisional license. After gaining experience driving with a learner's permit for 6 months, maintaining a conviction-free driving record and completing a standardized driver education course, new drivers are eligible for a provisional license.

For people who previously held a driver's license less than 18 months, it is a two-stage system; a provisional license, then a full driver's license. Drivers must hold Maryland provisional license for 18 months minimum and be conviction-free if you have not previously held a full license in a different state or country.

When provisional license holders successfully meet all requirements, the MVA automatically converts the license to a full driver's license status. An attachment card showing the conversion to a full license is mailed to the driver. The card should be carried with the Provisional license to show the change in licensing status until the provisional license expires at which time the driver needs to come in for a license renewal, pays the renewal fee and then is issued a full license.

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