Liability coverages cover other people and their property, not your own so no, your auto insurance's liability coverage would not cover the personal belongings that were stolen out of your vehicle that was broken into.

In fact no car insurance coverage normally covers personal items stolen out of your vehicle. Personal items are most likely covered though under your homeowner's or renter's insurance policy. Contact the insurance agent that you have that this type of coverage through to see what you need to do to make a claim with them. You will likely need to be prepared with descriptions and receipts for all the items so that you can be properly reimbursed.

Personal effects are typically not covered on your personal auto policy however some companies may offer the ability cover these items on an endorsement basis. This would still not be covered in just a standard liability insurance policy though. If your car had been stolen this would have been covered only if you had comprehensive coverage, a type of physical damage coverage for your vehicle.