Yes, to use your physical damage coverage of Comprehensive for the damages caused to your car due to vandalism you would need to pay your deductible.

Your deductible is due before the insurance company pays out their portion for the cost of the repairs due to the damage your car sustained when you use your Comprehensive coverage. Typically when using this type of coverage you are not at fault for the incident that occurred such as your car being in a flood, hail damage, vandalism or a deer hitting your vehicle however you are still required to pay out the deductible amount that you choose at the beginning of your auto insurance policy for this coverage.

So if someone vandalized your car by kicking in the driver's side door than when you put in your Comprehensive claim you would owe your deductible amount. If you know who did the damage to your car than you may be able to request they pay your deductible amount or file a suit against them for all damages. If the at-fault party will not voluntarily pay your deductible than you can see about taking them to court to seek a judgment against them for the expenses you are out, such as the deductible, for their action. 

They are responsible for all actions, not just the deductible.