It takes the same amount of time to process your claim regardless of where it occurs. The amount of time it takes can vary on many factors such as how timely all parties respond, number of claimants involved, amount of damage and/ or injuries caused, etc.
Insurance companies like to process claims quickly as it is in everyone's best interest to do so. You can ask the claims adjuster how long he or she expects that it might take given the specific facts regarding your particular claim.
You can see how an accident or claim may affect your rates by getting a free car insurance quote here.