Insurance usually follows the vehicle first and the driver second. This means that if you were in an accident while driving your friend's car most likely her insurance would be used as the primary coverage and any excess coverage needed would be from you, the driver, and be secondary.
Typically your friend's insurance should thus cover you while you are driving the car but insurance companies do vary on their rules for this type of thing. It would be best if your friend would contact her insurance agent and make sure you would be covered properly with her insurance. If not than you should be able to get a short term policy.
If it turns out you need help getting a short term insurance policy for your time visiting the US you can come to us for a quick quote.