The information we have found on this subject states that the Canadian province of Ontario has reciprocal agreements with 41 states, including Illinois. It would appear that Ontario's agreement would allow them to report the speeding ticket you received back to the Illinois Secretary of State (SOS) Driver's Services.
The Canadian system for information sharing is called the Inter-provincial Record Exchange (IRE). This agreement as well as the Canadian Drivers License Agreement (CDLA), which Canada is currently finalizing, is supposed to harmonize North American driver licensing requirements and driving records.
The Administrative Code Illinois Offense table explains that all out of state convictions will be considered and coded exactly as IL vehicle code violations with the exception of the first digit being an 8. From this information it would appear that an out of state or out of country ticket could go on your IL driving record.
If the Ontario speeding ticket is put on your driving record than your insurance company could see it the next time they pull your motor vehicle record (MVR). It will depend upon your insurance company's rating system if this speeding violation would affect your rates.